Production from a conventional field follows a well-defined pattern, ramping up quickly, then stabilising near the peak for a few years, before entering a long slow decline.
8Output rises initially as the field is developed from a single well to a full array of producing holes deployed to drain the reservoir efficiently.
8But as the oil, gas and water contained in the producing formations is depleted, pressure falls and the reservoir's natural energy declines.
8Eventually, production starts to fall as the wells flow more slowly and produce a higher proportion of water rather than oil.
8Field operators employ a variety of strategies to prolong production as long as possible and delay the onset of natural decline or at least reduce the decline rate.
8Associated gas brought to the surface with the oil can be re-injected to help maintain field pressure or gas can be pumped in from other sources.
8Fields can be placed on artificial lift with the installation of surface beam pumps (the famous nodding donkeys) or more commonly these days the installation of downhole electric submersible pumps (ESPs).
8And water, natural gas, carbon dioxide or special polymers can be injected into the fringes of the field to drive the remaining oil towards the producing wells
8Field management plans can increase the ultimate amount of oil recovered significantly, but eventually the fate of all wells and fields is the same: they produce mostly water and are eventually shut down.
8The operating costs of running the pumps and injecting water, gas or other materials eventually become greater than the value of the oil and the field becomes marginal and is abandoned.
8And this is going to happen sooner now than earlier because oil prices have come down.
For more details visit indianpetroplus.com
8Output rises initially as the field is developed from a single well to a full array of producing holes deployed to drain the reservoir efficiently.
8But as the oil, gas and water contained in the producing formations is depleted, pressure falls and the reservoir's natural energy declines.
8Eventually, production starts to fall as the wells flow more slowly and produce a higher proportion of water rather than oil.
8Field operators employ a variety of strategies to prolong production as long as possible and delay the onset of natural decline or at least reduce the decline rate.
8Associated gas brought to the surface with the oil can be re-injected to help maintain field pressure or gas can be pumped in from other sources.
8Fields can be placed on artificial lift with the installation of surface beam pumps (the famous nodding donkeys) or more commonly these days the installation of downhole electric submersible pumps (ESPs).
8And water, natural gas, carbon dioxide or special polymers can be injected into the fringes of the field to drive the remaining oil towards the producing wells
8Field management plans can increase the ultimate amount of oil recovered significantly, but eventually the fate of all wells and fields is the same: they produce mostly water and are eventually shut down.
8The operating costs of running the pumps and injecting water, gas or other materials eventually become greater than the value of the oil and the field becomes marginal and is abandoned.
8And this is going to happen sooner now than earlier because oil prices have come down.
For more details visit indianpetroplus.com
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